disallow oversized CBlockHeaderAndShortTxIDs

Otherwise we'd reply with a bogus BlockTransactionsRequest trying to
request indexes with overflowed deltas.

Github-Pull: #14685
Rebased-From: b08af10fb299dc3fdcd1f022619fb112c72e5d8e

src/blockencodings.h

@@ -186,6 +186,9 @@ public:
 
         READWRITE(prefilledtxn);
 
+        if (BlockTxCount() > std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max())
+            throw std::ios_base::failure("indexes overflowed 16 bits");
+
         if (ser_action.ForRead())
             FillShortTxIDSelector();
     }