This makes it possible to plug it into the various standard C++11 random
distribution algorithms and other functions like std::shuffle.
Cherry-picked from: 1ec1602a4549f6b68586cead8eff701bceb624f5
Move the OS random test to a sanity check function that is called every
time bitcoind is initialized.
Keep `src/test/random_tests.cpp` for the case that later random tests
are added, and keep a rudimentary test that just calls the sanity check.
Cherry-picked from: 7cad84929907c4294f07377453aa77887911b486
These are available in sandboxes without access to files or
devices. Also [they are safer and more straightforward](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy-supplying_system_calls)
to use than `/dev/urandom` as reading from a file has quite a few edge
cases:
- Linux: `getrandom(buf, buflen, 0)`. [getrandom(2)](http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getrandom.2.html)
was introduced in version 3.17 of the Linux kernel.
- OpenBSD: `getentropy(buf, buflen)`. The [getentropy(2)](http://man.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi/OpenBSD-current/man2/getentropy.2)
function appeared in OpenBSD 5.6.
- FreeBSD and NetBSD: `sysctl(KERN_ARND)`. Not sure when this was added
but it has existed for quite a while.
Alternatives:
- Linux has sysctl `CTL_KERN` / `KERN_RANDOM` / `RANDOM_UUID`
which gives 16 bytes of randomness. This may be available
on older kernels, however [sysctl is deprecated on Linux](https://lwn.net/Articles/605392/)
and even removed in some distros so we shouldn't use it.
Add tests for `GetOSRand()`:
- Test that no error happens (otherwise `RandFailure()` which aborts)
- Test that all 32 bytes are overwritten (initialize with zeros, try multiple times)
Discussion:
- When to use these? Currently they are always used when available.
Another option would be to use them only when `/dev/urandom` is not
available. But this would mean these code paths receive less testing,
and I'm not sure there is any reason to prefer `/dev/urandom`.
Closes: #9676
Cherry-picked from: 224e6eb089a0f4977d22f3803fc27e44b5e7eea5
Contains squashed commit of aa09ccbb74ea9febd83ce3362238ac5339069909 squashme: comment that NUM_OS_RANDOM_BYTES should not be changed lightly
