bitcoin/src/txmempool.h

// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
// Copyright (c) 2009-present The Bitcoin Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

#ifndef BITCOIN_TXMEMPOOL_H
#define BITCOIN_TXMEMPOOL_H

#include <coins.h>
#include <consensus/amount.h>
#include <indirectmap.h>
#include <kernel/cs_main.h>
#include <kernel/mempool_entry.h>          // IWYU pragma: export
#include <kernel/mempool_limits.h>         // IWYU pragma: export
#include <kernel/mempool_options.h>        // IWYU pragma: export
#include <kernel/mempool_removal_reason.h> // IWYU pragma: export
#include <policy/feerate.h>
#include <policy/packages.h>
#include <primitives/transaction.h>
#include <primitives/transaction_identifier.h>
#include <sync.h>
#include <txgraph.h>
#include <util/feefrac.h>
#include <util/hasher.h>
#include <util/result.h>

#include <boost/multi_index/hashed_index.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index/identity.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index/indexed_by.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index/ordered_index.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index/sequenced_index.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index/tag.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index_container.hpp>

#include <atomic>
#include <map>
#include <optional>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

class CChain;
class ValidationSignals;

struct bilingual_str;

/** Fake height value used in Coin to signify they are only in the memory pool (since 0.8) */
static const uint32_t MEMPOOL_HEIGHT = 0x7FFFFFFF;

/** How many linearization iterations required for TxGraph clusters to have
 * "acceptable" quality, if they cannot be optimally linearized with fewer
 * iterations. */
static constexpr uint64_t ACCEPTABLE_ITERS = 1'700;

/** How much work we ask TxGraph to do after a mempool change occurs (either
 * due to a changeset being applied, a new block being found, or a reorg). */
static constexpr uint64_t POST_CHANGE_WORK = 5 * ACCEPTABLE_ITERS;

/**
 * Test whether the LockPoints height and time are still valid on the current chain
 */
bool TestLockPointValidity(CChain& active_chain, const LockPoints& lp) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);

// extracts a transaction hash from CTxMemPoolEntry or CTransactionRef
struct mempoolentry_txid
{
    typedef Txid result_type;
    result_type operator() (const CTxMemPoolEntry &entry) const
    {
        return entry.GetTx().GetHash();
    }

    result_type operator() (const CTransactionRef& tx) const
    {
        return tx->GetHash();
    }
};

// extracts a transaction witness-hash from CTxMemPoolEntry or CTransactionRef
struct mempoolentry_wtxid
{
    typedef Wtxid result_type;
    result_type operator() (const CTxMemPoolEntry &entry) const
    {
        return entry.GetTx().GetWitnessHash();
    }

    result_type operator() (const CTransactionRef& tx) const
    {
        return tx->GetWitnessHash();
    }
};

class CompareTxMemPoolEntryByEntryTime
{
public:
    bool operator()(const CTxMemPoolEntry& a, const CTxMemPoolEntry& b) const
    {
        return a.GetTime() < b.GetTime();
    }
};

// Multi_index tag names
struct entry_time {};
struct index_by_wtxid {};

/**
 * Information about a mempool transaction.
 */
struct TxMempoolInfo
{
    /** The transaction itself */
    CTransactionRef tx;

    /** Time the transaction entered the mempool. */
    std::chrono::seconds m_time;

    /** Fee of the transaction. */
    CAmount fee;

    /** Virtual size of the transaction. */
    int32_t vsize;

    /** The fee delta. */
    int64_t nFeeDelta;
};

/**
 * CTxMemPool stores valid-according-to-the-current-best-chain transactions
 * that may be included in the next block.
 *
 * Transactions are added when they are seen on the network (or created by the
 * local node), but not all transactions seen are added to the pool. For
 * example, the following new transactions will not be added to the mempool:
 * - a transaction which doesn't meet the minimum fee requirements.
 * - a new transaction that double-spends an input of a transaction already in
 * the pool where the new transaction does not meet the Replace-By-Fee
 * requirements as defined in doc/policy/mempool-replacements.md.
 * - a non-standard transaction.
 *
 * TxGraph (CTxMemPool::m_txgraph) provides an abstraction layer for separating
 * the transaction graph parts of the mempool from the rest of the
 * Bitcoin-specific logic. Specifically, TxGraph handles (for each transaction)
 * managing the in-mempool parents and children, and has knowledge of the fee
 * and size of every transaction. It uses this to partition the mempool into
 * connected clusters, and it implements (among other things):
 *  - limits on the size of a cluster (in both number of transactions
 *    and total weight)
 *  - sorting the mempool optimally for block inclusion, taking into account
 *    dependencies
 *  - selecting transactions for removal due to cluster size limit violations
 *    after a reorg.
 * See txgraph.h and txgraph.cpp for more details.
 *
 * CTxMemPool itself handles the Bitcoin-specific parts of mempool
 * transactions; it stores the full transaction inside CTxMemPoolEntry, along
 * with other consensus-specific fields (such as whether a transaction spends a
 * coinbase, or the LockPoints for transaction finality). And it provides
 * interfaces to the rest of the codebase, such as:
 *  - to validation for replace-by-fee calculations and cluster size limits
 *    when evaluating unconfirmed transactions
 *  - to validation for evicting transactions due to expiry or the mempool size
 *    limit being hit
 *  - to validation for updating the mempool to be consistent with the best
 *    chain after a new block is connected or after a reorg.
 *  - to net_processing for ordering transactions that are to-be-announced to
 *    other peers
 *  - to RPC code for inspecting the mempool
 *
 * (Many of these interfaces are just wrappers around corresponding TxGraph
 * functions.)
 *
 * Within CTxMemPool, the mempool entries are stored in a boost::multi_index
 * mapTx, which sorts the mempool on 3 criteria:
 * - transaction hash (txid)
 * - witness-transaction hash (wtxid)
 * - time in mempool
 *
 * We also maintain a map from COutPoint to the (in-mempool) transaction that
 * spends it (mapNextTx). This allows us to recover from a reorg and find
 * transactions in the mempool that conflict with transactions that are
 * confirmed in a block.
 *
 */
class CTxMemPool
{
protected:
    std::atomic<unsigned int> nTransactionsUpdated{0}; //!< Used by getblocktemplate to trigger CreateNewBlock() invocation

    uint64_t totalTxSize GUARDED_BY(cs){0};      //!< sum of all mempool tx's virtual sizes. Differs from serialized tx size since witness data is discounted. Defined in BIP 141.
    CAmount m_total_fee GUARDED_BY(cs){0};       //!< sum of all mempool tx's fees (NOT modified fee)
    uint64_t cachedInnerUsage GUARDED_BY(cs){0}; //!< sum of dynamic memory usage of all the map elements (NOT the maps themselves)

    mutable int64_t lastRollingFeeUpdate GUARDED_BY(cs){GetTime()};
    mutable bool blockSinceLastRollingFeeBump GUARDED_BY(cs){false};
    mutable double rollingMinimumFeeRate GUARDED_BY(cs){0}; //!< minimum fee to get into the pool, decreases exponentially

    // In-memory counter for external mempool tracking purposes.
    // This number is incremented once every time a transaction
    // is added or removed from the mempool for any reason.
    mutable uint64_t m_sequence_number GUARDED_BY(cs){1};

    void trackPackageRemoved(const CFeeRate& rate) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

    bool m_load_tried GUARDED_BY(cs){false};

    CFeeRate GetMinFee(size_t sizelimit) const;

public:

    static const int ROLLING_FEE_HALFLIFE = 60 * 60 * 12; // public only for testing

    struct CTxMemPoolEntry_Indices final : boost::multi_index::indexed_by<
            // sorted by txid
            boost::multi_index::hashed_unique<mempoolentry_txid, SaltedTxidHasher>,
            // sorted by wtxid
            boost::multi_index::hashed_unique<
                boost::multi_index::tag<index_by_wtxid>,
                mempoolentry_wtxid,
                SaltedWtxidHasher
            >,
            // sorted by entry time
            boost::multi_index::ordered_non_unique<
                boost::multi_index::tag<entry_time>,
                boost::multi_index::identity<CTxMemPoolEntry>,
                CompareTxMemPoolEntryByEntryTime
            >
        >
        {};
    typedef boost::multi_index_container<
        CTxMemPoolEntry,
        CTxMemPoolEntry_Indices
    > indexed_transaction_set;

    /**
     * This mutex needs to be locked when accessing `mapTx` or other members
     * that are guarded by it.
     *
     * @par Consistency guarantees
     * By design, it is guaranteed that:
     * 1. Locking both `cs_main` and `mempool.cs` will give a view of mempool
     *    that is consistent with current chain tip (`ActiveChain()` and
     *    `CoinsTip()`) and is fully populated. Fully populated means that if the
     *    current active chain is missing transactions that were present in a
     *    previously active chain, all the missing transactions will have been
     *    re-added to the mempool and should be present if they meet size and
     *    consistency constraints.
     * 2. Locking `mempool.cs` without `cs_main` will give a view of a mempool
     *    consistent with some chain that was active since `cs_main` was last
     *    locked, and that is fully populated as described above. It is ok for
     *    code that only needs to query or remove transactions from the mempool
     *    to lock just `mempool.cs` without `cs_main`.
     *
     * To provide these guarantees, it is necessary to lock both `cs_main` and
     * `mempool.cs` whenever adding transactions to the mempool and whenever
     * changing the chain tip. It's necessary to keep both mutexes locked until
     * the mempool is consistent with the new chain tip and fully populated.
     */
    mutable RecursiveMutex cs;
    std::unique_ptr<TxGraph> m_txgraph GUARDED_BY(cs);
    mutable std::unique_ptr<TxGraph::BlockBuilder> m_builder GUARDED_BY(cs);
    indexed_transaction_set mapTx GUARDED_BY(cs);

    using txiter = indexed_transaction_set::nth_index<0>::type::const_iterator;
    std::vector<std::pair<Wtxid, txiter>> txns_randomized GUARDED_BY(cs); //!< All transactions in mapTx with their wtxids, in arbitrary order

    typedef std::set<txiter, CompareIteratorByHash> setEntries;

    using Limits = kernel::MemPoolLimits;

    std::tuple<size_t, size_t, CAmount> CalculateAncestorData(const CTxMemPoolEntry& entry) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);
    std::tuple<size_t, size_t, CAmount> CalculateDescendantData(const CTxMemPoolEntry& entry) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);
    int64_t GetDescendantCount(txiter it) const { LOCK(cs); return m_txgraph->GetDescendants(*it, TxGraph::Level::MAIN).size(); }
    int64_t GetDescendantCount(const CTxMemPoolEntry &e) const { LOCK(cs); return m_txgraph->GetDescendants(e, TxGraph::Level::MAIN).size(); }
    int64_t GetAncestorCount(const CTxMemPoolEntry &e) const { LOCK(cs); return m_txgraph->GetAncestors(e, TxGraph::Level::MAIN).size(); }
    std::vector<CTxMemPoolEntry::CTxMemPoolEntryRef> GetChildren(const CTxMemPoolEntry &entry) const;
    std::vector<CTxMemPoolEntry::CTxMemPoolEntryRef> GetParents(const CTxMemPoolEntry &entry) const;

private:
    std::vector<indexed_transaction_set::const_iterator> GetSortedScoreWithTopology() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

    /**
     * Track locally submitted transactions to periodically retry initial broadcast.
     */
    std::set<Txid> m_unbroadcast_txids GUARDED_BY(cs);

    static TxMempoolInfo GetInfo(CTxMemPool::indexed_transaction_set::const_iterator it)
    {
        return TxMempoolInfo{it->GetSharedTx(), it->GetTime(), it->GetFee(), it->GetTxSize(), it->GetModifiedFee() - it->GetFee()};
    }

    // Helper to remove all transactions that conflict with a given
    // transaction (used for transactions appearing in a block).
    void removeConflicts(const CTransaction& tx) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

public:
    indirectmap<COutPoint, txiter> mapNextTx GUARDED_BY(cs);
    std::map<Txid, CAmount> mapDeltas GUARDED_BY(cs);

    using Options = kernel::MemPoolOptions;

    const Options m_opts;

    /** Create a new CTxMemPool.
     * Sanity checks will be off by default for performance, because otherwise
     * accepting transactions becomes O(N^2) where N is the number of transactions
     * in the pool.
     */
    explicit CTxMemPool(Options opts, bilingual_str& error);

    /**
     * If sanity-checking is turned on, check makes sure the pool is
     * consistent (does not contain two transactions that spend the same inputs,
     * all inputs are in the mapNextTx array). If sanity-checking is turned off,
     * check does nothing.
     */
    void check(const CCoinsViewCache& active_coins_tip, int64_t spendheight) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main);

    /**
     * Remove a transaction from the mempool along with any descendants.
     * If the transaction is not already in the mempool, find any descendants
     * and remove them.
     */
    void removeRecursive(const CTransaction& tx, MemPoolRemovalReason reason) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);
    /** After reorg, filter the entries that would no longer be valid in the next block, and update
     * the entries' cached LockPoints if needed.  The mempool does not have any knowledge of
     * consensus rules. It just applies the callable function and removes the ones for which it
     * returns true.
     * @param[in]   filter_final_and_mature   Predicate that checks the relevant validation rules
     *                                        and updates an entry's LockPoints.
     * */
    void removeForReorg(CChain& chain, std::function<bool(txiter)> filter_final_and_mature) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs, cs_main);
    void removeForBlock(const std::vector<CTransactionRef>& vtx, unsigned int nBlockHeight) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

    bool CompareMiningScoreWithTopology(const Wtxid& hasha, const Wtxid& hashb) const;
    bool isSpent(const COutPoint& outpoint) const;
    unsigned int GetTransactionsUpdated() const;
    void AddTransactionsUpdated(unsigned int n);
    /**
     * Check that none of this transactions inputs are in the mempool, and thus
     * the tx is not dependent on other mempool transactions to be included in a block.
     */
    bool HasNoInputsOf(const CTransaction& tx) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

    /** Affect CreateNewBlock prioritisation of transactions */
    void PrioritiseTransaction(const Txid& hash, const CAmount& nFeeDelta);
    void ApplyDelta(const Txid& hash, CAmount &nFeeDelta) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);
    void ClearPrioritisation(const Txid& hash) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

    struct delta_info {
        /** Whether this transaction is in the mempool. */
        const bool in_mempool;
        /** The fee delta added using PrioritiseTransaction(). */
        const CAmount delta;
        /** The modified fee (base fee + delta) of this entry. Only present if in_mempool=true. */
        std::optional<CAmount> modified_fee;
        /** The prioritised transaction's txid. */
        const Txid txid;
    };
    /** Return a vector of all entries in mapDeltas with their corresponding delta_info. */
    std::vector<delta_info> GetPrioritisedTransactions() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!cs);

    /** Get the transaction in the pool that spends the same prevout */
    const CTransaction* GetConflictTx(const COutPoint& prevout) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

    /** Returns an iterator to the given hash, if found */
    std::optional<txiter> GetIter(const Txid& txid) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);
    std::optional<txiter> GetIter(const Wtxid& wtxid) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

    /** Translate a set of hashes into a set of pool iterators to avoid repeated lookups.
     * Does not require that all of the hashes correspond to actual transactions in the mempool,
     * only returns the ones that exist. */
    setEntries GetIterSet(const std::set<Txid>& hashes) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

    /** Translate a list of hashes into a list of mempool iterators to avoid repeated lookups.
     * The nth element in txids becomes the nth element in the returned vector. If any of the txids
     * don't actually exist in the mempool, returns an empty vector. */
    std::vector<txiter> GetIterVec(const std::vector<Txid>& txids) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

    /** UpdateTransactionsFromBlock is called when adding transactions from a
     * disconnected block back to the mempool, new mempool entries may have
     * children in the mempool (which is generally not the case when otherwise
     * adding transactions).
     *  @post updated descendant state for descendants of each transaction in
     *        vHashesToUpdate (excluding any child transactions present in
     *        vHashesToUpdate, which are already accounted for). Updated state
     *        includes add fee/size information for such descendants to the
     *        parent and updated ancestor state to include the parent.
     *
     * @param[in] vHashesToUpdate          The set of txids from the
     *     disconnected block that have been accepted back into the mempool.
     */
    void UpdateTransactionsFromBlock(const std::vector<Txid>& vHashesToUpdate) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs, cs_main);

    std::vector<FeePerWeight> GetFeerateDiagram() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);
    FeePerWeight GetMainChunkFeerate(const CTxMemPoolEntry& tx) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs) {
        return m_txgraph->GetMainChunkFeerate(tx);
    }
    std::vector<const CTxMemPoolEntry*> GetCluster(Txid txid) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs) {
        auto tx = GetIter(txid);
        if (!tx) return {};
        auto cluster = m_txgraph->GetCluster(**tx, TxGraph::Level::MAIN);
        std::vector<const CTxMemPoolEntry*> ret;
        ret.reserve(cluster.size());
        for (const auto& tx : cluster) {
            ret.emplace_back(static_cast<const CTxMemPoolEntry*>(tx));
        }
        return ret;
    }


    size_t GetUniqueClusterCount(const setEntries& iters_conflicting) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs) {
        std::vector<const TxGraph::Ref *> entries;
        entries.reserve(iters_conflicting.size());
        for (auto it : iters_conflicting) {
            entries.emplace_back(&*it);
        }
        Assume(!m_txgraph->IsOversized(TxGraph::Level::MAIN));
        return m_txgraph->CountDistinctClusters(entries, TxGraph::Level::MAIN);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate all in-mempool ancestors of entry (not including the tx itself)
     *
     * @param[in]   entry               CTxMemPoolEntry of which all in-mempool ancestors are calculated
     *
     * @return all in-mempool ancestors
     */
    setEntries CalculateMemPoolAncestors(const CTxMemPoolEntry& entry) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

    bool HasDescendants(const Txid& txid) const;

    /** Collect the entire cluster of connected transactions for each transaction in txids.
     * All txids must correspond to transaction entries in the mempool, otherwise this returns an
     * empty vector. This call will also exit early and return an empty vector if it collects 500 or
     * more transactions as a DoS protection. */
    std::vector<txiter> GatherClusters(const std::vector<Txid>& txids) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

    /** Populate setDescendants with all in-mempool descendants of given transaction.
     *  Assumes that setDescendants includes all in-mempool descendants of anything
     *  already in it.  */
    void CalculateDescendants(txiter it, setEntries& setDescendants) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);
    CTxMemPool::txiter CalculateDescendants(const CTxMemPoolEntry& entry, setEntries& setDescendants) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

    /** The minimum fee to get into the mempool, which may itself not be enough
     *  for larger-sized transactions.
     *  The m_incremental_relay_feerate policy variable is used to bound the time it
     *  takes the fee rate to go back down all the way to 0. When the feerate
     *  would otherwise be half of this, it is set to 0 instead.
     */
    CFeeRate GetMinFee() const {
        return GetMinFee(m_opts.max_size_bytes);
    }

    /** Remove transactions from the mempool until its dynamic size is <= sizelimit.
      *  pvNoSpendsRemaining, if set, will be populated with the list of outpoints
      *  which are not in mempool which no longer have any spends in this mempool.
      */
    void TrimToSize(size_t sizelimit, std::vector<COutPoint>* pvNoSpendsRemaining = nullptr) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

    /** Expire all transaction (and their dependencies) in the mempool older than time. Return the number of removed transactions. */
    int Expire(std::chrono::seconds time) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

    /**
     * Calculate the ancestor and cluster count for the given transaction.
     * The counts include the transaction itself.
     * When ancestors is non-zero (ie, the transaction itself is in the mempool),
     * ancestorsize and ancestorfees will also be set to the appropriate values.
     */
    void GetTransactionAncestry(const Txid& txid, size_t& ancestors, size_t& cluster_count, size_t* ancestorsize = nullptr, CAmount* ancestorfees = nullptr) const;

    /**
     * @returns true if an initial attempt to load the persisted mempool was made, regardless of
     *          whether the attempt was successful or not
     */
    bool GetLoadTried() const;

    /**
     * Set whether or not an initial attempt to load the persisted mempool was made (regardless
     * of whether the attempt was successful or not)
     */
    void SetLoadTried(bool load_tried);

    unsigned long size() const
    {
        LOCK(cs);
        return mapTx.size();
    }

    uint64_t GetTotalTxSize() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs)
    {
        AssertLockHeld(cs);
        return totalTxSize;
    }

    CAmount GetTotalFee() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs)
    {
        AssertLockHeld(cs);
        return m_total_fee;
    }

    bool exists(const Txid& txid) const
    {
        LOCK(cs);
        return (mapTx.count(txid) != 0);
    }

    bool exists(const Wtxid& wtxid) const
    {
        LOCK(cs);
        return (mapTx.get<index_by_wtxid>().count(wtxid) != 0);
    }

    const CTxMemPoolEntry* GetEntry(const Txid& txid) const LIFETIMEBOUND EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

    CTransactionRef get(const Txid& hash) const;

    template <TxidOrWtxid T>
    TxMempoolInfo info(const T& id) const
    {
        LOCK(cs);
        auto i{GetIter(id)};
        return i.has_value() ? GetInfo(*i) : TxMempoolInfo{};
    }

    /** Returns info for a transaction if its entry_sequence < last_sequence */
    template <TxidOrWtxid T>
    TxMempoolInfo info_for_relay(const T& id, uint64_t last_sequence) const
    {
        LOCK(cs);
        auto i{GetIter(id)};
        return (i.has_value() && i.value()->GetSequence() < last_sequence) ? GetInfo(*i) : TxMempoolInfo{};
    }

    std::vector<CTxMemPoolEntryRef> entryAll() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);
    std::vector<TxMempoolInfo> infoAll() const;

    size_t DynamicMemoryUsage() const;

    /** Adds a transaction to the unbroadcast set */
    void AddUnbroadcastTx(const Txid& txid)
    {
        LOCK(cs);
        // Sanity check the transaction is in the mempool & insert into
        // unbroadcast set.
        if (exists(txid)) m_unbroadcast_txids.insert(txid);
    };

    bool CheckPolicyLimits(const CTransactionRef& tx);

    /** Removes a transaction from the unbroadcast set */
    void RemoveUnbroadcastTx(const Txid& txid, bool unchecked = false);

    /** Returns transactions in unbroadcast set */
    std::set<Txid> GetUnbroadcastTxs() const
    {
        LOCK(cs);
        return m_unbroadcast_txids;
    }

    /** Returns whether a txid is in the unbroadcast set */
    bool IsUnbroadcastTx(const Txid& txid) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs)
    {
        AssertLockHeld(cs);
        return m_unbroadcast_txids.contains(txid);
    }

    /** Guards this internal counter for external reporting */
    uint64_t GetAndIncrementSequence() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs) {
        return m_sequence_number++;
    }

    uint64_t GetSequence() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs) {
        return m_sequence_number;
    }

private:
    /** Remove a set of transactions from the mempool.
     *  If a transaction is in this set, then all in-mempool descendants must
     *  also be in the set, unless this transaction is being removed for being
     *  in a block.
     */
    void RemoveStaged(setEntries& stage, MemPoolRemovalReason reason) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

    /* Helper for the public removeRecursive() */
    void removeRecursive(txiter to_remove, MemPoolRemovalReason reason) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

    /* Removal from the mempool also triggers removal of the entry's Ref from txgraph. */
    void removeUnchecked(txiter entry, MemPoolRemovalReason reason) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);
public:
    /*
     * CTxMemPool::ChangeSet:
     *
     * This class is used for all mempool additions and associated removals (eg
     * due to rbf). Removals that don't need to be evaluated for acceptance,
     * such as removing transactions that appear in a block, or due to reorg,
     * or removals related to mempool limiting or expiry do not need to use
     * this.
     *
     * Callers can interleave calls to StageAddition()/StageRemoval(), and
     * removals may be invoked in any order, but additions must be done in a
     * topological order in the case of transaction packages (ie, parents must
     * be added before children).
     *
     * CalculateChunksForRBF() can be used to calculate the feerate diagram of
     * the proposed set of new transactions and compare with the existing
     * mempool.
     *
     * CalculateMemPoolAncestors() calculates the in-mempool (not including
     * what is in the change set itself) ancestors of a given transaction.
     *
     * Apply() will apply the removals and additions that are staged into the
     * mempool.
     *
     * Only one changeset may exist at a time. While a changeset is
     * outstanding, no removals or additions may be made directly to the
     * mempool.
     */
    class ChangeSet {
    public:
        explicit ChangeSet(CTxMemPool* pool) : m_pool(pool) { m_pool->m_txgraph->StartStaging(); }
        ~ChangeSet() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(m_pool->cs) {
            AssertLockHeld(m_pool->cs);
            if (m_pool->m_txgraph->HaveStaging()) {
                m_pool->m_txgraph->AbortStaging();
            }
            m_pool->m_have_changeset = false;
        }

        ChangeSet(const ChangeSet&) = delete;
        ChangeSet& operator=(const ChangeSet&) = delete;

        using TxHandle = CTxMemPool::txiter;

        TxHandle StageAddition(const CTransactionRef& tx, CAmount fee, int64_t time, unsigned int entry_height, uint64_t entry_sequence, bool spends_coinbase, int64_t sigops_cost, LockPoints lp);

        void StageRemoval(CTxMemPool::txiter it);

        const CTxMemPool::setEntries& GetRemovals() const { return m_to_remove; }

        /** Check if any cluster limits are exceeded. Returns true if pass, false if fail. */
        bool CheckMemPoolPolicyLimits();

        CTxMemPool::setEntries CalculateMemPoolAncestors(TxHandle tx)
        {
            // Look up transaction in our cache first
            auto it = m_ancestors.find(tx);
            if (it != m_ancestors.end()) return it->second;

            // If not found, try to have the mempool calculate it, and cache
            // for later.
            LOCK(m_pool->cs);
            auto ret = m_pool->CalculateMemPoolAncestors(*tx);
            m_ancestors.try_emplace(tx, ret);
            return ret;
        }

        std::vector<CTransactionRef> GetAddedTxns() const {
            std::vector<CTransactionRef> ret;
            ret.reserve(m_entry_vec.size());
            for (const auto& entry : m_entry_vec) {
                ret.emplace_back(entry->GetSharedTx());
            }
            return ret;
        }

        /**
         * Calculate the sorted chunks for the old and new mempool relating to the
         * clusters that would be affected by a potential replacement transaction.
         *
         * @return old and new diagram pair respectively, or an error string if the conflicts don't match a calculable topology
         */
        util::Result<std::pair<std::vector<FeeFrac>, std::vector<FeeFrac>>> CalculateChunksForRBF();

        size_t GetTxCount() const { return m_entry_vec.size(); }
        const CTransaction& GetAddedTxn(size_t index) const { return m_entry_vec.at(index)->GetTx(); }

        void Apply() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);

    private:
        void ProcessDependencies();

        CTxMemPool* m_pool;
        CTxMemPool::indexed_transaction_set m_to_add;
        std::vector<CTxMemPool::txiter> m_entry_vec; // track the added transactions' insertion order
        // map from the m_to_add index to the ancestors for the transaction
        std::map<CTxMemPool::txiter, CTxMemPool::setEntries, CompareIteratorByHash> m_ancestors;
        CTxMemPool::setEntries m_to_remove;
        bool m_dependencies_processed{false};

        friend class CTxMemPool;
    };

    std::unique_ptr<ChangeSet> GetChangeSet() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs) {
        Assume(!m_have_changeset);
        m_have_changeset = true;
        return std::make_unique<ChangeSet>(this);
    }

    bool m_have_changeset GUARDED_BY(cs){false};

    friend class CTxMemPool::ChangeSet;

private:
    // Apply the given changeset to the mempool, by removing transactions in
    // the to_remove set and adding transactions in the to_add set.
    void Apply(CTxMemPool::ChangeSet* changeset) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);

    // addNewTransaction must update state for all ancestors of a given transaction,
    // to track size/count of descendant transactions.  First version of
    // addNewTransaction can be used to have it call CalculateMemPoolAncestors(), and
    // then invoke the second version.
    // Note that addNewTransaction is ONLY called (via Apply()) from ATMP
    // outside of tests and any other callers may break wallet's in-mempool
    // tracking (due to lack of CValidationInterface::TransactionAddedToMempool
    // callbacks).
    void addNewTransaction(CTxMemPool::txiter it) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);
public:
    void StartBlockBuilding() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs) { assert(!m_builder); m_builder = m_txgraph->GetBlockBuilder(); }
    FeePerWeight GetBlockBuilderChunk(std::vector<CTxMemPoolEntry::CTxMemPoolEntryRef>& entries) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs)
    {
        if (!m_builder) { return {}; }

        auto res = m_builder->GetCurrentChunk();
        if (!res) { return {}; }

        auto [chunk_entries, chunk_feerate] = *res;
        for (TxGraph::Ref* ref : chunk_entries) {
            entries.emplace_back(static_cast<const CTxMemPoolEntry&>(*ref));
        }
        return chunk_feerate;
    }
    void IncludeBuilderChunk() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs) { m_builder->Include(); }
    void SkipBuilderChunk() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs) { m_builder->Skip(); }
    void StopBlockBuilding() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs) { m_builder.reset(); }
};

/**
 * CCoinsView that brings transactions from a mempool into view.
 * It does not check for spendings by memory pool transactions.
 * Instead, it provides access to all Coins which are either unspent in the
 * base CCoinsView, are outputs from any mempool transaction, or are
 * tracked temporarily to allow transaction dependencies in package validation.
 * This allows transaction replacement to work as expected, as you want to
 * have all inputs "available" to check signatures, and any cycles in the
 * dependency graph are checked directly in AcceptToMemoryPool.
 * It also allows you to sign a double-spend directly in
 * signrawtransactionwithkey and signrawtransactionwithwallet,
 * as long as the conflicting transaction is not yet confirmed.
 */
class CCoinsViewMemPool : public CCoinsViewBacked
{
    /**
    * Coins made available by transactions being validated. Tracking these allows for package
    * validation, since we can access transaction outputs without submitting them to mempool.
    */
    std::unordered_map<COutPoint, Coin, SaltedOutpointHasher> m_temp_added;

    /**
     * Set of all coins that have been fetched from mempool or created using PackageAddTransaction
     * (not base). Used to track the origin of a coin, see GetNonBaseCoins().
     */
    mutable std::unordered_set<COutPoint, SaltedOutpointHasher> m_non_base_coins;
protected:
    const CTxMemPool& mempool;

public:
    CCoinsViewMemPool(CCoinsView* baseIn, const CTxMemPool& mempoolIn);
    /** GetCoin, returning whether it exists and is not spent. Also updates m_non_base_coins if the
     * coin is not fetched from base. */
    std::optional<Coin> GetCoin(const COutPoint& outpoint) const override;
    /** Add the coins created by this transaction. These coins are only temporarily stored in
     * m_temp_added and cannot be flushed to the back end. Only used for package validation. */
    void PackageAddTransaction(const CTransactionRef& tx);
    /** Get all coins in m_non_base_coins. */
    const std::unordered_set<COutPoint, SaltedOutpointHasher>& GetNonBaseCoins() const { return m_non_base_coins; }
    /** Clear m_temp_added and m_non_base_coins. */
    void Reset();
};
#endif // BITCOIN_TXMEMPOOL_H